帕拉米韦注射液治疗儿童流感的临床疗效分析

目的探讨儿童流感应用帕拉米韦注射液治疗的临床疗效以及用药安全性。方法随机选定在2016年1月-2019年1月期间佛山市高明区人民医院儿科住院治疗并确诊流感A或B型患儿200例,通过随机数字法将其分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组100例用帕拉米韦注射液治疗,对照组100例用国产磷酸奥司他韦颗粒治疗,评价两组患儿治疗前后症状评分、治疗效果、治疗指标以及不良反应发生情况。结果两组患儿治疗前流感样症状评分无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组患儿治疗后较治疗前流感样症状评分均下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后流感样症状评分略小于对照组,但是无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组治疗总有效率高于对照组,治疗组患儿发热症状缓解、全部症状缓解以及住院时间均小于对照组,存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组与对照组不良反应发生率较低,且无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论帕拉米韦注射液可用于儿童流感治疗,不仅能够保证临床疗效,而且可加快症状缓解,同时存在较高用药安全性。     

Magnesium modification of a calcium phosphate cement alters bone marrow stromal cell behavior via an integrin-mediated mechanism

The chemical composition, structure and surface characteristics of biomaterials/scaffold can affect the adsorption of proteins, and this in turn influences the subsequent cellular response and tissue regeneration. With magnesium/calcium phosphate cements (MCPC) as model, the effects of magnesium (Mg) on the initial adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) as well as the underlying mechanism were investigated. A series of MCPCs with different magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) content (0∼20%) in calcium phosphate cement (CPC) were synthesized. MCPCs with moderate proportion of MPC (5% and 10%, referred to as 5MCPC and 10MCPC) were found to effectively modulate the orientation of the adsorbed fibronectin (Fn) to exhibit enhanced receptor binding affinity, and to up-regulate integrin α5β1 expression of BMSCs, especially for 5MCPC. As a result, the attachment, morphology, focal adhesion formation, actin filaments assembly and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs on 5MCPC were strongly enhanced. Further in vivo experiments confirmed that 5MCPC induced promoted osteogenesis in comparison to ot her CPC/MCPCs. Our results also suggested that the Mg on the underlying substrates but not the dissolved Mg ions was the main contributor to the above positive effects. Based on these results, it can be inferred that the specific interaction of Fn and integrin α5β1 had predominant effect on the MCPC-induced enhanced cellular response of BMSCs. These results provide a new strategy to regulate BMSCs adhesion and osteogenic differentiation by adjusting the Mg/Ca content and distribution in CPC, guiding the development of osteoinductive scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration.     

Neutralising effects of small molecule toxin inhibitors on nanofractionated coagulopathic Crotalinae snake venoms

Repurposing small molecule drugs and drug candidates is considered as a promising approach to revolutionise the treatment of snakebite envenoming. In this study, we investigated the inhibiting effects of the small molecules varespladib (nonspecific phospholipase A₂ inhibitor), marimastat (broad spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor) and dimercaprol (metal ion chelator) against coagulopathic toxins found in Crotalinae (pit vipers) snake venoms. Venoms from Bothrops asper, Bothrops jararaca, Calloselasma rhodostoma and Deinagkistrodon acutus were separated by liquid chromatography, followed by nanofractionation and mass spectrometry identification undertaken in parallel. Nanofractions of the venom toxins were then subjected to a high-throughput coagulation assay in the presence of different concentrations of the small molecules under study. Anticoagulant venom toxins were mostly identified as phospholipases A₂, while procoagulant venom activities were mainly associated with snake venom metalloproteinases and snake venom serine proteases. Varespladib was found to effectively inhibit most anticoagulant venom effects, and also showed some inhibition against procoagulant toxins. Contrastingly, marimastat and dimercaprol were both effective inhibitors of procoagulant venom activities but showed little inhibitory capability against anticoagulant toxins. The information obtained from this study aids our understanding of the mechanisms of action of toxin inhibitor drug candidates, and highlights their potential as future snakebite treatments.     

Importance of serum phosphate in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND Metabolic disturbances including changes in serum calcium,magnesium or phosphate(P) influence the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM).We assessed the importance of serum P in elderly patients with type 2 DM vs nondiabetes mellitus(non-DM) in relation to renal function.AIM To determine the association between serum P and serum glucose or insulin resistance in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.METHODS One hundred-ten subjects with a mean age of 69.02±14.3 years were enrolled.Twenty-nine of the participants had type 2 DM(26.4%).The incidence of hypertension,smoking and receiving vitamin D(vitD) derivates were recorded.The participants were classified by both estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) and albuminuria categories according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes 2012 criteria.RESULTS We divided the patients in two groups according to the P cut-off point related to DM value.A comparison between high and low P showed that body mass index30.2±6.3 vs 28.1±4.6(P=0.04),mean glucose 63.6 vs 50.2(P=0.03),uric acid 6.7±1.6 vs 6.09±1.7(P=0.05),mean intact-parathyroid hormone 68.06 vs 47.4(P=0.001),systolic blood pressure 147.4±16.7 vs 140..2±16.1(P=0.02),mean albuminuria 63.2 vs 50.6(P=0.04) and eGFR 45.6±22.1 vs 55.4±21.5(P=0.02)were significantly different.χ~2 tests showed a significant association between high P and DM,hypertension,receiving vitD,smoking and eGFR stage(χ~2=6.3,P=0.01,χ~2=3.9,P=0.03,χ~2=6.9,P=0.009,χ~2=7.04,P=0.01 and χ~2=7.36,P=0.04,respectively).The adjusted model showed that older age,female gender and increased body mass index were significant predictors of type 2 DM when entering the covariates.CONCLUSION High serum P contributes to vascular and metabolic disturbances in elderly patients with type 2 DM and renal impairment.     

Split AAV-Mediated Gene Therapy Restores Ureagenesis in a Murine Model of Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase 1 Deficiency

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Immersion of Achilles tendon in phosphate‐buffered saline influences T1 and T2* relaxation times: An ex vivo study

Robust mapping of relaxation parameters in ex vivo tissues is based on hydration and therefore requires control of the tissue treatment to ensure tissue integrity and consistent measurement conditions over long periods of time. One way to maintain the hydration of ex vivo tendon tissue is to immerse the samples in a buffer solution. To this end, various buffer solutions have been proposed; however, many appear to influence the tissue relaxation times, especially with prolonged exposure. In this work, ovine Achilles tendon tissue was used as a model to investigate the effect of immersion in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) and the effects on the T₁ and T₂^* relaxation times. Ex vivo samples were measured at 0 (baseline), 30 and 67 hours after immersion in PBS. Ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging was performed using variable flip angle and echo train‐shifted multi‐echo imaging for T₁ and T₂^* estimation, respectively. Compared with baseline, both T₁ and T₂^* relaxation time constants increased significantly after 30 hours of immersion. T₂^* continued to show a significant increase between 30 and 67 hours. Both T₁ and T₂^* tended to approach saturation at 67 hours. These results exemplify the relevance of stringently controlled tissue preparation and preservation techniques, both before and during MRI experiments.     

虾青素对过氧化氢诱导胎盘滋养细胞HTR-8/SVneo的影响

目的观察虾青素通过烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)氧化酶/活性氧(ROS)信号通路对过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导人胎盘滋养细胞HTR-8/SVneo的影响。方法实验分为空白组、模型组和实验组,每组8个复孔;实验组HTR-8/SVneo细胞预先以10 nmol·L^-1虾青素处理24 h,之后实验组和模型组细胞均以250μmol·L-1H2O2作用24 h;空白组未进行任何药物干预。以噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测各组HTR-8/SVneo细胞增殖情况,以DCF-DA荧光染色检测各组HTR-8/SVneo细胞内ROS水平,检测各组HTR-8/SVneo细胞培养上清中乳酸(LDH)及氧化应激指标含量,以蛋白质印迹法检测各组细胞NADPH氧化酶4(NOX4)、p22phox蛋白表达情况。结果干预后24 h,空白组、模型组及实验组HTR-8/SVneo细胞内ROS荧光强度值分别为2.76±0.43,34.15±2.34,15.61±1.85,LDH分别为(756.24±31.05),(1785.46±34.69),(1235.26±26.75)U·L^-1,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)分别为(23.56±2.24),(10.04±2.02),(15.16±3.08)U·mg^-1,丙二醛(MDA)分别为(0.46±0.14),(0.96±0.21),(0.68±0.13)U·mg^-1,Nox4蛋白相对表达量分别为0.32±0.04,0.89±0.06,0.64±0.03,p22phox蛋白相对表达量分别为0.15±0.03,0.75±0.04,0.49±0.02,模型组分别与空白组和实验组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论虾青素对H2O2诱导人胎盘滋养细胞HTR-8/SVneo氧化应激损伤具有保护作用,可能与干扰NADPH氧化酶/ROS信号通路活性有关。     

穴位埋线治疗进行性肌营养不良的疗效观察

目的观察穴位埋线联合糖皮质激素及神经营养药物治疗进行性肌营养不良的临床疗效。方法 50例进行性假肥大性肌营养不良患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组25例。对照组采用糖皮质激素及神经营养药物治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上采用穴位埋线治疗。观察两组治疗前后10米步行时间和登梯时间及血清肌酸磷酸激酶(CPK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平的变化,并比较两组临床疗效。结果两组治疗后及随访10米步行时间和登梯时间与同组治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗后及随访10米步行时间和登梯时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后及随访血清CPK、LDH水平较同组治疗前明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗组治疗后及随访血清CPK和LDH水平低于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗组总有效率为96.0%,对照组总有效率为72.0%,治疗组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论穴位埋线联合糖皮质激素治疗进行性肌营养不良的临床疗效显著,可作为临床治疗进行性肌营养不良方案的优选方法。     

Vitamin B6 Addiction in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

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